错误信息：E: The repository ‘http://security.debian.org bullseye/updates Release’ does not have a Release file.

错误信息显示您的Debian仓库配置有问题，具体是"http://security.debian.org bullseye/updates Release"仓库没有Release文件。

您可以更新您的源列表，将bullseye/updates修改为bullseye-security:

sudo sed -i 's/bullseye\/updates/bullseye-security/g' /etc/apt/sources.list

然后更新软件包列表并重试Docker安装:

sudo apt-get update
curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh && sh get-docker.sh